For the first time, scientists have restored organ function in a severely damaged liver in a
live animal by transplanting lab-grown stem cells. The achievement brings closer the day when cell-based therapies that regenerate the organ replace the need for liver transplants.
The study brings closer the
day when cell therapies that regenerate liver tissue replace the need for liver
transplants.
In the journal Nature Cell Biology, the researchers describe what happened when they
transplanted liver stem cells into mice with severely damaged livers.
Over the ensuing months, the cells spurred major areas of the liver to regrow, improving
the structure and function of the animals’ organs.
The liver is generally very good at healing itself. This is because it contains cells called
hepatocytes that are capable of self-renewal following injury. However, these cells are less capable
of self-renewal following severe injury, such as that caused by conditions like cirrhosis and acute
liver failure.
Also, hepatocytes are not easy to grow under lab conditions, which limits their potential for
transplant.
That is why the team decided to find out whether liver stem cells – called hepatic progenitor
cells (HPCs) – can regenerate liver tissue.
HPCs are much easier to grow in the lab, and they have the flexibility to transform into
hepatocytes and other types of liver cells.
Approach to be tested using human cells
If the results they achieved with HPCs in the mice can be replicated with human HPCs, then the
team believes this could lead to cell transplants as a treatment for liver failure instead of organ
transplant.
Senior author Stuart Forbes, a professor in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for
Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh in the UK, notes:
“It will be some time before we can turn this into reality as we will first need to
test our approach using human cells. This is much needed as liver disease is a very common cause of
death and disability for patients in the UK and the rest of the world.”
In the longer term, the researchers hope to achieve the same results by using drugs that
stimulate stem cells inside the patient to regenerate the damaged liver.
Funding for the research came from the MRC, the UK Regenerative Medicine Platform and the
Wellcome Trust.
The study is an example of ongoing research in regenerative medicine, supported by these
and other sponsors, that seeks new ways to treat diseases with no cure, such as liver failure,
arthritis, Parkinson’s disease and blindness.
Meanwhile, scientists are also moving closer to being able to regenerate whole limbs from stem
cells. A study Medical News Today reported recently shows how a team from Massachusetts
General Hospital successfully regenerated forelimbs of rats from
progenitor cells, paving the way for the technique to be tried in humans.
Written by Catharine Paddock PhD
Copyright: Medical News Today